Climate models are highly complex computer programs. Around 49 research groups worldwide use them to independently calculate how the atmosphere, oceans, and ice interact. This article explains what physical measurements are taken, why the results still differ from one another, and where the greatest uncertainties lie: in clouds, aerosols, and solar amplification mechanisms.

What does the IPCC report really say about our glaciers? I’ve read all 184 pages and divided the findings strictly into three categories: observational data, physical laws, and interpretations. After all, anyone who wants to protect the glaciers must first understand what constitutes established facts—and where the assumptions begin