Iron-rich dust particles from the Sahara absorb sunlight on glacier surfaces and convert it into heat. What does this mean for glaciers?

Climate models are highly complex computer programs. Around 49 research groups worldwide use them to independently calculate how the atmosphere, oceans, and ice interact. This article explains what physical measurements are taken, why the results still differ from one another, and where the greatest uncertainties lie: in clouds, aerosols, and solar amplification mechanisms.